Working principle of continuously variable speed electric tools

Continuously variable speed (CVS) electric tools, such as drills, routers, and sanders, offer a flexible and adjustable speed range that allows users to control the tool's operating speed according to their specific needs. The working principle of these tools involves electronic components and mechanisms that regulate the motor's speed. Here's a general overview of how continuously variable speed electric tools work:

1. Electric Motor:

   • At the core of any electric power tool is an electric motor. This motor is responsible for generating mechanical power to drive the tool's operation, whether it's drilling, cutting, sanding, or another function.

2. Variable Speed Control Mechanism:

   • The continuously variable speed control mechanism is what enables users to adjust the tool's speed as needed. It consists of electronic components and controls that modulate the amount of electricity supplied to the motor.

3. Potentiometer (Variable Resistor):

   • In many CVS tools, a potentiometer (variable resistor) is used to control the tool's speed. The potentiometer is connected to the trigger or speed adjustment knob that the user operates.

4. Feedback Circuitry:

   • CVS tools often include feedback circuitry that monitors the tool's actual speed. This feedback circuitry can consist of sensors or electronic components that measure the motor's RPM (revolutions per minute).

5. Microcontroller or Control Circuit:

   • A microcontroller or control circuit receives input from the user through the potentiometer and continuously adjusts the flow of electricity to the motor based on the desired speed setting.

Here's how the working principle of CVS electric tools operates in practice:

• When a user adjusts the speed control (potentiometer), it changes the resistance in the circuit.
• The microcontroller or control circuit reads this change in resistance and interprets it as a desired speed setting.
• Based on the desired speed setting, the control circuit adjusts the amount of electrical current flowing to the motor.
• The motor's RPM increases or decreases accordingly, resulting in the tool's operating speed matching the user's selection.

It's important to note that CVS electric tools can have different types of speed control mechanisms and electronic components, depending on the manufacturer and model. Some may use electronic pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control the motor speed, while others may rely on voltage regulation or other methods. Regardless of the specific mechanism, the goal is to provide users with precise control over the tool's speed to accommodate various tasks and materials.